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British Ambassador to Spain : ウィキペディア英語版 | List of ambassadors of the United Kingdom to Spain
The Ambassador of the United Kingdom to Spain is the United Kingdom's foremost diplomatic representative in the Kingdom of Spain, and in charge of the UK's diplomatic mission in Spain. The official title is Her Britannic Majesty's Ambassador to the Kingdom of Spain. The British ambassador to Spain is also non-resident ambassador to the Principality of Andorra. In 1822, Foreign Secretary George Canning downgraded the Embassy to a Mission, and the Head of Mission from an Ambassador to an Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary, to reflect Spain's decreased importance on the world stage. The Mission in Madrid was upgraded to a full Embassy once more on 9 December 1887.〔Chris Cook and Brendan Keith, ''British Historical Facts 1830-1900'', Macmillan 1975, page 168〕 ==List of heads of mission==
The following is a partial list of British ambassadors to Spain. Titles of the heads of mission: * From 1509 to 1683: Ambassador * From 1683 to 1710: Envoy Extraordinary * From 1711 to 1821: Ambassador * From 1822 to 1887: Envoy Extraordinary and Minister Plenipotentiary * Since 1887: Ambassador {| class="wikitable" |- !| appointed/accreditation !| envoy !| remarks !| appointed during the reign of !| envoy to !| left post |- |1505 |John Stile〔Hillgarth, J.N. (''The Mirror of Spain, 1500-1700: The Formation of a Myth'' ), University of Michigan Press, 2000, page 11〕 |Resident Ambassador;〔In the early sixteenth century 'resident ambassador' was the usual title given to an envoy who came to 'reside' rather than on a special mission (different from the later meaning of a lower rank than an ambassador plenipotentiary). Sometimes an emvoy would be sent on a special mission but would stay on and become a formal or informal resident ambassador.〕 left 1511, returned later |Henry VIII of England |Ferdinand II of Aragon | |- | |William Knight |Commissioned with John Stile to treat with Ferdinand of Aragon about the defence of the Church |Henry VIII of England |Ferdinand II of Aragon |
|- | |Sir Thomas Spinelly〔Behrens, Betty (''The Office of the English Resident Ambassador: Its Evolution as Illustrated by the Career of Sir Thomas Spinelly, 1509-22'' ), ''Transactions of the Royal Historical Society'', Fourth Series, Vol. 16, (1933), pp.161-195〕 |Resident Ambassador |Henry VIII of England |Charles I of Spain |1522 |- | |John Kite John Bourchier, 2nd Baron Berners |Special mission to form an alliance between Henry VIII and Charles of Spain |Henry VIII of England |Charles I of Spain | |- |1533 |Richard Pate |Resident Ambassador |Henry VIII of England |Charles I of Spain |1537 |- |1537 |Sir Thomas Wyatt |Resident Ambassador |Henry VIII of England |Charles I of Spain |1539 |- | |John Russell, 1st Earl of Bedford Thomas Radclyffe, 3rd Earl of Sussex |Mission to arrange marriage of Mary I and Philip II |Mary I of England |Philip II of Spain | |- | |Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu | |Elizabeth I of England |Philip II of Spain | |- | |Anthony Browne, 1st Viscount Montagu Sir Thomas Chamberlain〔(CHAMBERLAIN, Sir Thomas (c.1504-80) ), History of Parliament Online〕 | |Elizabeth I of England |Philip II of Spain | |- | |Thomas Chaloner |Resident Ambassador |Elizabeth I of England |Philip II of Spain | |- | |William Phayre |''Chargé d'affaires'' |Elizabeth I of England |Philip II of Spain | |- | |John Man |Resident Ambassador |Elizabeth I of England |Philip II of Spain | |- | |Sir John Smith〔(Froude, James A., ''History of England from the Fall of Wolsey to the Defeat of the Spanish Armada'', John Parker & Son, London, 1870, reprinted Cambridge University Press, 2011, volume XI, pp64-68 )〕 |Special mission |Elizabeth I of England |Philip II of Spain | |- |December 1577 |Thomas Wilkes |Special mission |Elizabeth I of England |Philip II of Spain |February 1578 |- |May 1579 |Edward Wotton, 1st Baron Wotton | |Elizabeth I of England |Philip II of Spain | |- |January 1583 |William Wade | |Elizabeth I of England |Philip II of Spain |August 1584 |- |1584 |Thomas Wilson | |Elizabeth I of England |Philip II of Spain | |- | |Charles Howard, 1st Earl of Nottingham |Ambassador Extraordinary Audience: 18. May 1605 Secretary Robert Treswell This was the mission that ceremonially re-inaugurated diplomatic relations. |James VI and I |Philip III of Spain | |- |1605 |Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington | |James VI and I |Philip III of Spain | |- |1605 |Charles Cornwallis〔Chris R. Kyle, ‘Cornwallis, Sir Charles (c.1555–1629)’, "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" (Oxford University Press, 2004), (), accessed 1 Feb 2011.〕 | |James VI and I |Philip III of Spain |1609 |- |1608 |John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol | |James VI and I |Philip III of Spain | |- |1609 |Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington〔Fiona Pogson, ‘Cottington, Francis, first Baron Cottington (1579?–1652)’, "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography" (Oxford University Press, 2004),(), accessed 1 Feb 2011.〕 | |James VI and I |Philip III of Spain |1611 |- |1609 |Peter Wyche | |James VI and I |Philip IV of Spain |1611 |- |1616 |William Cecil, 17th Baron de Ros | |James VI and I |Philip III of Spain | |- |1617 |John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol〔, Sir John 1617 Digby sailed for Spain with his kinsman, Sir John, who was English ambassador at Madrid. They returned together 27 April 1618. DIGBY (George lord) son of John, earl of Bristol, was born during his father's embassy to Madrid in 1612.David L. Smith, ‘Digby, John, first earl of Bristol (1580–1653)’, "Oxford Dictionary of National Biography", (Oxford University Press, 2004), (), accessed 1 Feb 2011.〕 |kinsman of John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol |James VI and I |Philip IV of Spain |1618 |- |1617 |John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol | |James VI and I |Philip III of Spain | |- |1618 |Walter Aston, 1st Lord Aston of Forfar | |James VI and I |Philip III of Spain | |- |1622 |Mr. Hole |Mr. Hole, the secretary of the ambassador, John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol, having died at Santander, Cantabria in 1622, the body was not allowed to be buried at all; it was put into a shell, and sunk in the sea ; but no sooner was his lordship gone, than the fishermen, we quote from Somers' ''Tracts'', fearing that they should catch no fish as long as the coffin of a heretic lay in their waters, fished it up, and the corpse of our countryman and brother was thrown above ground, to be devoured by the fowls of the air.〔Richard Ford (writer), (Gatherings from Spain ), chapter 18, LUTHERAN BURIAL, page 253〕 |James VI and I |Philip IV of Spain | |- |1622 |Simon Digby (fl. 1620–1640s) |(fl. 1620–1640s), James VI and I resident ambassador in Vienna (May 1621–Dec. 1622) : asserts succession of Electoral dignity from House Palatine to Bavaria |James VI and I |Philip IV of Spain |1640 |- |1622 |John Digby, 1st Earl of Bristol | |James VI and I |Philip IV of Spain | |- |1623 |Endymion Porter | |James VI and I |Philip IV of Spain | |- |1624 |Stephen Gardiner | |James VI and I |Philip IV of Spain | |- | |Peter Wyche | |Charles I of England |Philip IV of Spain | |- | |Endymion Porter | |Charles I of England |Philip IV of Spain | |- | |Francis Cottington, 1st Baron Cottington |Ambassador Extraordinary |Charles I of England |Philip IV of Spain | |- | |Arthur Hopton |born in 1588 and died in 1650 |Charles I of England |Philip IV of Spain | |- | |John Taylor | |Charles I of England |Philip IV of Spain | |- | |Walter Aston, 1st Lord Aston of Forfar | |Charles I of England |Philip IV of Spain | |- |April 1638 |Sir Richard Fanshawe, 1st Baronet |Chargé d'affaires |Charles I of England |Philip IV of Spain | |- | |Arthur Hopton |born in 1588 and died in 1650 |Charles I of England |Philip IV of Spain |December 1645 |- | |Anthony Ascham |Ambassador sent by Rump Parliament born May 27, 1650, assassinated by Royalists |English Council of State |Philip IV of Spain | |- | |George Fisher | |English Council of State |Philip IV of Spain | |- |February 1657 |Henry Bennet, 1st Earl of Arlington |He was sent as Charles's agent to Spain, where he endeavoured to obtain assistance for the royal cause, till after the Restoration. He was not recognized as ambassador by Oliver Cromwell's government. |Charles, Prince of Wales (in exile) |Philip IV of Spain | |- | |George Digby, 2nd Earl of Bristol | |Charles II of England |Philip IV of Spain | |- | |Edward Montagu, 1st Earl of Sandwich | |Charles II of England |Charles II of Spain | |- | |Robert Southwell | |Charles II of England |Charles II of Spain | |- | |Sir John Werden, 1st Baronet |Chargé d'affaires born in 1640 and died in 1716 |Charles II of England |Charles II of Spain | |- | |William Godolphin | |Charles II of England |Charles II of Spain | |- | |Robert Spencer, 2nd Earl of Sunderland |Secretary: Thomas Clifford, 1st Baron Clifford of Chudleigh |Charles II of England |Charles II of Spain | |- | |Ignatius White | |Charles II of England |Charles II of Spain |October 1677 |- | |Sir Henry Goodricke, 2nd Baronet〔J. D. Davies, ‘Goodricke, Sir Henry, second baronet (1642–1705)’, ''Oxford Dictionary of National Biography'', Oxford University Press, Sept 2004; online edn, Jan 2008 (), accessed 10 April 2009〕 |Envoy Extraordinary |Charles II of England |Charles II of Spain | |- | |Peter Lefett |(fl. 1680s) |Charles II of England |Charles II of Spain | |- | |Charles Granville, 2nd Earl of Bath |Envoy Extraordinary |Charles II of England |Charles II of Spain |December 1688 |- | |John Stafford |Envoy Extraordinary (fl. 1680s) |James II of England |Charles II of Spain |December 1688 |- |May 1689 |Viscount Dursley |Envoy Extraordinary |Mary II of England |Charles II of Spain |August 1689 |- |1689 |Alexander Stanhope〔Horn, D.B., (''British Diplomatic Representatives 1689-1789'' ) (Camden 3rd Ser. 46, 1932)〕 |Envoy Extraordinary |Mary II of England |Charles II of Spain |1699 |- |1699 |Francis Schonenberg〔McLachlan, Jean O., (''Trade and Peace with Old Spain, 1667-1750'' ), Cambridge University Press, 1940, page 38〕 |Dutch envoy with British credentials |William III of England |Charles II of Spain |1702 |- |1702 |War of the Spanish Succession |No diplomatic relations |William III of England |Philip V of Spain |1702 |- |1705 |Mitford Crowe |Envoy to Catalonia |Anne, Queen of Great Britain |Philip V of Spain |1706 |- |1705 |Paul Methuen |Envoy Extraordinary |Anne, Queen of Great Britain |Philip V of Spain |1706 |- |1706 |Charles Mordaunt, 3rd Earl of Peterborough, James Stanhope, 1st Earl Stanhope (joint envoys)〔Davenport, Frances G. & Paullin, Charles O.,(''European Treaties Bearing on the History of the United States and Its Dependencies'' ), Lawbook Exchange, 2012, page 123〕 |{Ambassador Extraordinary
{Envoy Extraordinary |Anne, Queen of Great Britain |Charles III of Hungary |{1707
{1710 |- |1711 |John Campbell, 2nd Duke of Argyll |Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary |Anne, Queen of Great Britain |Charles III of Hungary |1712 |- |1712 |Robert Sutton, 2nd Baron Lexinton |Ambassador extraordinary and plenipotentiary |Anne, Queen of Great Britain |Philip V of Spain |1713 |- |1713 |Robert Benson, 1st Baron Bingley |Ambassador extraordinary |Anne, Queen of Great Britain |Philip V of Spain |1714 |- |1714 |Paul Methuen |Envoy Extraordinary |Anne, Queen of Great Britain |Philip V of Spain |1715 |- |1715 |George Dodington, 1st Baron Melcombe |Envoy Extraordinary |George I of Great Britain |Philip V of Spain |1717 |- |1717 |John Chetwynd, 2nd Viscount Chetwynd | |George I of Great Britain |Philip V of Spain |1718 |- |1718 |War of the Quadruple Alliance | |George I of Great Britain |Philip V of Spain |1720 |- |1720 |Luke Schaub |Chargé d'affaires〔 |George I of Great Britain |Philip V of Spain |1720 |- |1720 |William Stanhope, 1st Earl of Harrington |Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary, 1721 Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary |George I of Great Britain |Philip V of Spain |1727 |- |1727 |Anglo-Spanish War (1727–29) | |George I of Great Britain |Philip V of Spain | |- |1729 |Benjamin Keene |Minister Plenipotentiary, 1734 Envoy Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary〔 |George II of Great Britain |Philip V of Spain |1739 |- |1739 |War of Jenkins' Ear | |George II of Great Britain |Philip V of Spain |1748 |- |1748 |Sir Benjamin Keene |Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary |George II of Great Britain |Ferdinand VI of Spain |1757 |- |1758 |George Hervey, 2nd Earl of Bristol |Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary |George II of Great Britain |Ferdinand VI of Spain |1761 |- |1761 |Anglo-Spanish War (1761) | |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles III of Spain |1763 |- | |John Montagu, 4th Earl of Sandwich |''appointed but did not go''〔Montagu, John, 4th Earl of Sandwich, (A voyage round the Mediterranean in the years 1738 and 1739 ), Lockington, Allen & Co., London, 1807, page 11〕 |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles III of Spain | |- |1763 |William Nassau de Zuylestein, 4th Earl of Rochford〔(The London Gazette, 14 June 1763 )〕 |Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles III of Spain |1766 |- |1766 |Sir James Gray, 2nd Baronet〔〔J. Haydn, ''Book of Dignities'' (1851), 83.〕 |Ambassador Extraordinary |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles III of Spain |1769 |- |1770 |George Pitt, 1st Baron Rivers |Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles III of Spain |1771 |- |1771 |James Harris〔(The London Gazette, 23 February 1771 )〕 |Minister Plenipotentiary ''ad interim'' |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles III of Spain | |- |1771 |Thomas Robinson, 2nd Baron Grantham |Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles III of Spain |1779 |- |1779 |Anglo-Spanish War (1779-1783) | |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles III of Spain |1783 |- |1783 |John Crichton-Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute |appointed ambassador but did not take up the post until 1795 |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles III of Spain | |- |1783 |Robert Liston | ''Minister Plenipotentiary''〔〔 |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles III of Spain |1788 |- |1784 |Philip Stanhope, 5th Earl of Chesterfield | |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles III of Spain |1785 |- |1788 |William Eden, 1st Baron Auckland〔〔S. T. Bindoff, E. F. Malcolm Smith and C. K. Webster, ''British Diplomatic Representatives 1789-1852'' (Camden 3rd Series, 50, 1934).〕 | |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles IV of Spain |1790 |- |1790 |Alleyne FitzHerbert, 1st Baron St Helens | |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles IV of Spain |1794 |- |1794 |Francis James Jackson | ''Minister Plenipotentiary ad interim''〔 |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles IV of Spain |1795 |- |1795 |John Crichton-Stuart, 1st Marquess of Bute | |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles IV of Spain |1796 |- |1796 | |No diplomatic relations |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles IV of Spain |1802 |- |1802 |John Hookham Frere |〔 |George III of the United Kingdom |Charles IV of Spain |1804 |- |1808 |Charles Stuart |Special Mission to Junta of Galicia |George III of the United Kingdom |Ferdinand VII of Spain |1808 |- |1808 |John Hookham Frere |〔 |George III of the United Kingdom |Ferdinand VII of Spain |1808 |- |1809 |Richard Wellesley, 1st Marquess Wellesley | |George III of the United Kingdom |Ferdinand VII of Spain |1809 |- |1810 |Henry Wellesley |〔 |George III of the United Kingdom |Ferdinand VII of Spain |1821 |- |1822 |William à Court, 1st Baron Heytesbury | |George IV of the United Kingdom |Ferdinand VII of Spain | |- |1825 |Frederick Lamb, 3rd Viscount Melbourne | |George IV of the United Kingdom |Ferdinand VII of Spain | |- | |George Bosanquet |Chargé d'Affaires〔 |George IV of the United Kingdom |Ferdinand VII of Spain |1830 |- |1830 |Henry Unwin Addington |〔 |George IV of the United Kingdom |Ferdinand VII of Spain |1833 |- |1833 |George Villiers, 4th Earl of Clarendon |〔 |William IV of the United Kingdom |Isabella II of Spain |1839 |- |1839 |George Jerningham | |Queen Victoria |Isabella II of Spain | |- |1840 |Arthur Aston |〔 |Queen Victoria |Isabella II of Spain |1843 |- |1843 |George Jerningham |Chargé d'Affaires, Secretary of Legation The Hon. George SS Jerningham, son of George William Jerningham, 8th Baron Stafford (see Baron Stafford) |Queen Victoria |Isabella II of Spain | |- |1844 |Henry Bulwer, 1st Baron Dalling and Bulwer | |Queen Victoria |Isabella II of Spain | |- | |Revolutions of 1848 |Relations suspended, Bulwer, 1st Baron Dalling and Bulwer served there until Ramón María Narváez y Campos, Duke of Valencia instructed him to leave in 1848, being accused of implicating liberal risings against the former's conservative government. |Queen Victoria |Isabella II of Spain |1850 |- |1850 |John Hobart Caradoc, 2nd Baron Howden | |Queen Victoria |Isabella II of Spain | |- |1858 |Sir Andrew Buchanan, 1st Baronet | |Queen Victoria |Isabella II of Spain | |- |1860 |John Fiennes Twisleton Crampton | |Queen Victoria |Isabella II of Spain | |- |1869 |Austen Henry Layard | |Queen Victoria |Francisco Serrano, 1st Duke of la Torre | |- |1878 |Lionel Sackville-West, 2nd Baron Sackville | |Queen Victoria |Alfonso XII of Spain | |- |1881 |Robert Morier | |Queen Victoria |Alfonso XII of Spain | |- |1884 |Francis Clare Ford | |Queen Victoria |Alfonso XII of Spain |1887 |- |1887 |Francis Clare Ford | |Queen Victoria |Alfonso XIII of Spain |1892 |- |1892 |Henry Drummond Wolff | |Queen Victoria |Alfonso XIII of Spain |1900 |- |1900 |Henry Mortimer Durand | |Queen Victoria |Alfonso XIII of Spain |1903 |- |1903 |Edwin Henry Egerton |born in November 1841 and died in 1916) QCMQ, KCB, Envoy 1892-1903 Athenes, 1905-1908: Rome |Edward VII |Alfonso XIII of Spain |1904 |- |1904 |Arthur Nicolson, 1st Baron Carnock | |Edward VII |Alfonso XIII of Spain |1905 |- |February 1906 |Maurice William Ernest de Bunsen |GCMG, G.CV.O., CB (Feb. 1906.) B. '52; E. Rugby and Christ Church, Oxford; |Edward VII |Alfonso XIII of Spain |1913 |- |1913 |Arthur Henry Hardinge | |George V |Alfonso XIII of Spain | |- |1919 |Esme Howard, 1st Baron Howard of Penrith | |George V |Alfonso XIII of Spain |1919 |- |1924 |Sir Horace Rumbold, 9th Baronet | |George V |Alfonso XIII of Spain | |- |1928 |George Dixon Grahame | |George V |Alfonso XIII of Spain | |- |1935 |Henry Chilton | |George V |Niceto Alcalá-Zamora | |- | |Maurice Peterson | |George V |Francisco Franco |1940 |- |1940 |Samuel Hoare, 1st Viscount Templewood |MI6: Hugh Pollard (Major) |George VI |Francisco Franco | |- |1945 |Victor Mallet | |George VI |Francisco Franco | |- |1946 |Sir Douglas Howard | Chargé d'affaires |George VI |Francisco Franco |1949 |- | |Robert Hankey, 2nd Baron Hankey | Chargé d'affaires |George VI |Francisco Franco |1950 |- |1951 |John Balfour | |George VI |Francisco Franco |1954 |- |1954 |Sir William Ivo Mallet | |Elizabeth II |Francisco Franco |1960 |- |1960 |Sir George Labouchère | |Elizabeth II |Francisco Franco | |- |1966 |Alan Meredith Williams | |Elizabeth II |Francisco Franco | |- |1969 |Sir John Russell | |Elizabeth II |Francisco Franco | |- |1974 |Sir Charles Wiggin | |Elizabeth II |Francisco Franco |1977 |- |1977 |Sir Antony Acland | |Elizabeth II |Juan Carlos I of Spain | |- |1980 |Sir Richard Parsons | |Elizabeth II |Juan Carlos I of Spain | |- |1984 |Lord Nicholas Gordon-Lennox | |Elizabeth II |Juan Carlos I of Spain |1989 |- |1989 |Sir Robin Fearn | |Elizabeth II |Juan Carlos I of Spain | |- |1994 |David Brighty | |Elizabeth II |Juan Carlos I of Spain | |- |1998 |Peter Torry | |Elizabeth II |Juan Carlos I of Spain |1998 |- |2003 |Stephen Wright | |Elizabeth II |Juan Carlos I of Spain | |- |2007 |Denise Holt | |Elizabeth II |Juan Carlos I of Spain |2009 |- |2009 |Giles Paxman | |Elizabeth II |Juan Carlos I of Spain |2013
|- |2013 |Simon Manley〔(Change of Her Majesty’s Ambassador to Spain ), Foreign & Commonwealth Office, 19 June 2013〕 | |Elizabeth II |Juan Carlos I of Spain | |} 〔Gary M. Bell, (Handlist of British Diplomatic Representatives ), 1509-1688〕
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